In biology, infertility is the inability of a male and female organism to reproduce. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy organism that has reached sexual maturity, so children who have not undergone puberty, which is the body's start of reproductive capacity, are excluded. It is also a normal state in women after menopause. In humans, infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after at least one year of unprotected and regular sexual intercourse involving a male and female partner. There are many causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat. Estimates from 1997 suggest that worldwide about five percent of all heterosexual couples have an unresolved problem with infertility. That figure has been on the rise, with the World Health Organization reporting in 2023 that about 17.5% of couples experience infertility. Read more
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